Learning objectives

Knowledge

  • To determine the hardness of materials and link this to their uses.

Working scientifically

  • To evaluate the hardness test to determine the degree of trust in the results.

Success criteria

Knowledge

  • I can define

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National curriculum

Science

Properties and changes

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Before the lesson

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Lesson plan

Recap and recall

Before starting this unit, check the children can recall information from the units Science, Year 1/2 (B), Materials: Uses of everyday materials and Science, Year 3/4 (B), Materials: States of matter: The names of a range of materials, including wood, metal, plastic, glass, brick, rock, paper and cardboard. The suitability of these materials for particular uses. …

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Adaptive teaching

Pupils needing extra support

Should use the Knowledge organiser to help them define and sort hard and soft materials; could use the activity Resource: Hardness test variables (support), which provides a list of variables to choose from when evaluating their scratch test.

Pupils working at greater depth

Should test additional materials that produce ambiguous results, such as soft materials like foam, sponge and cotton wool (as these materials deform easily, they will move away from the nail as it scratches so they may not scratch despite being soft); should be encouraged to discuss why these soft materials do not scratch easily; could choose an extension activity relating to hardness from the Resource: Stretch and challenge: Properties and changes.

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Assessing progress and understanding

Pupils with secure understanding indicated by: defining the term hardness;

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Knowledge outcomes

  • I can define the term hardness as a measure of how easily scratched or dented a material is. 

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Vocabulary definitions

  • hard

    A material that is not easily scratched or dented.

  • hardness

    A measure of how easily dented or scratched a material is.

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