Exploring different types of mixtures, the children learn methods of separation, dissolve various substances, investigate how temperature affects dissolving time, design and create a water filter, sieve soil and evaporate solutions.

Broadening their understanding of material properties, the children investigate hardness, transparency and conductivity, explore how these properties influence material uses, study reversible changes like dissolving and changes of state and compare them to irreversible changes like rusting, burning and mixing vinegar with bicarbonate of soda.

Exploring the movement of celestial bodies in the Solar System, the children learn about the Earth, other planets and the Moon, discover how the Earth’s rotation causes night and day, understand how sundials work and investigate satellite uses and the issue of space junk.

Comparing the life cycles of plants, mammals, birds, amphibians and insects, the children investigate asexual reproduction in plants and compare sexual and asexual reproduction.

Building on their knowledge of contact and non-contact forces, the children explore gravity, friction, air resistance and water resistance, consider the effects of unbalanced forces, plan investigations and test ideas using models to create the most effective pulley system.

Studying human development and changes, the children identify key stages, consider data for normal growth, describe the effects of puberty on girls and boys and produce graphs comparing gestation periods across different mammals, including humans.

Exploring the relationship between the size of model asteroids and the diameter of their impact craters, the children conduct experiments, analyse data, draw conclusions and apply their understanding of gravity, air resistance and Earth and space to make predictions and plan an enquiry.

Broadening their knowledge of grouping vertebrates, invertebrates, plants and micro-organisms by shared characteristics, the children learn about Carl Linnaeus’s development of the Linnaean and binomial classification systems and use branching and number keys to sort and identify organisms.

Proving that light travels in a straight line, the children explain observations of reflection and shadows, how our eyes allow us to see, how mirrors can be used in various ways and investigate factors affecting the size of shadows and the laws of reflection.

Studying patterns in humans and other species, the children learn about inherited and environmental characteristics, understand how observations led Darwin and Wallace to develop theories, model finch variation and natural selection to explain species evolution and explore fossil evidence supporting this theory.

Revisiting electrical circuits, the children draw conventional circuit diagrams, use models to explain current, resistance and voltage, compare batteries and their effects on bulb brightness and apply their knowledge to design and create practical devices.

Studying the human circulatory system, the children learn about the roles of the heart, blood and blood vessels, use models to demonstrate their functions, explore how lifestyle choices affect health, advise patients using secondary sources, investigate the relationship between exercise and heart rate and analyse secondary data to understand fitness.

Exploring sun safety, the children investigate the efficacy of different sunglasses, devise enquiries to test light and UV transmission of the lenses, draw a conclusion about the best sunglasses and summarise their findings through presentations and advertisements.